APPENDIX

A.1. Default Load Case and Combination Factors

spColumn allows defining up to 50 load combinations. The user has full control over the combinations. The program contains predefined (built into the program) default primary load combinations for the supported codes. These default combinations are created when starting a new project. The default load combinations of the Dead (D), Live (L), Wind (W), Earthquake (E) and Snow (S) loads considered by the program are shown below.

For the ACI 318-19,14, 11 codes1:

U1 = 1.4D

U2 = 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5S

U3 = 1.2D + 1L + 1.6S

U4 = 1.2D + 0.5W + 1.6S

U5 = 1.2D - 0.5W + 1.6S

U6 = 1.2D + 1L + 1W + 0.5S

U7 = 1.2D + 1L - 1W + 0.5S

U8 = 1.2D + 1L + 1E + 0.2S

U9 = 1.2D + 1L - 1E + 0.2S

U10 = 0.9D + 1W

U11 = 0.9D - 1W

U12 = 0.9D + 1E

U13 = 0.9D - 1E

For the ACI 318-08, 05 and 02 codes2:

U1 = 1.4D

U2 = 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5S

U3 = 1.2D + 1L + 1.6S

U4 = 1.2D + 0.8W + 1.6S

U5 = 1.2D - 0.8W + 1.6S

U6 = 1.2D + 1L + 1.6W + 0.5S

U7 = 1.2D + 1L - 1.6W + 0.5S

U8 = 1.2D + 1L + 1E + 0.2S

U9 = 1.2D + 1L - 1E + 0.2S

U10 = 0.9D + 1.6W

U11 = 0.9D - 1.6W

U12 = 0.9D + 1E

U13 = 0.9D - 1E

For CSA A23.3-19 and CSA A23.3-14 codes3:

U1 = 1.4D

U2 = 1.25D + 1.5L + 1S

U3 = 0.9D + 1.5L + 1S

U4 = 1.25D + 1.5L + 0.4W

U5 = 1.25D + 1.5L - 0.4W

U6 = 0.9D + 1.5L + 0.4W

U7 = 0.9D + 1.5L - 0.4W

U8 = 1.25D + 1L + 1.5S

U9 = 0.9D + 1L + 1.5S

U10 = 1.25D + 0.4W + 1.5S

U11 = 1.25D - 0.4W + 1.5S

U12 = 0.9D + 0.4W + 1.5S

U13 = 0.9D - 0.4W + 1.5S

U14 = 1.25D + 0.5L + 1.4W

U15 = 1.25D + 0.5L - 1.4W

U16 = 1.25D + 1.4W + 0.5S

U17 = 1.25D - 1.4W + 0.5S

U18 = 0.9D + 0.5L + 1.4W

U19 = 0.9D + 0.5L - 1.4W

U20 = 0.9D + 1.4W + 0.5S

U21 = 0.9D - 1.4W + 0.5S

U22 = 1D + 0.5L + 1E + 0.25S

U23 = 1D + 0.5L - 1E + 0.25S

For the CSA A23.3-04 code4:

U1 = 1.4D

U2 = 1.25D + 1.5L + 0.5S

U3 = 0.9D + 1.5L + 0.5S

U4 = 1.25D + 1.5L + 0.4W

U5 = 1.25D + 1.5L - 0.4W

U6 = 0.9D + 1.5L + 0.4W

U7 = 0.9D + 1.5L - 0.4W

U8 = 1.25D + 0.5L + 1.5S

U9 = 0.9D + 0.5L + 1.5S

U10 = 1.25D + 0.4W + 1.5S

U11 = 1.25D - 0.4W + 1.5S

U12 = 0.9D + 0.4W + 1.5S

U13 = 0.9D - 0.4W + 1.5S

U14 = 1.25D + 0.5L + 1.4W

U15 = 1.25D + 0.5L - 1.4W

U16 = 1.25D + 1.4W + 0.5S

U17 = 1.25D - 1.4W + 0.5S

U18 = 0.9D + 0.5L + 1.4W

U19 = 0.9D + 0.5L - 1.4W

U20 = 0.9D + 1.4W + 0.5S

U21 = 0.9D - 1.4W + 0.5S

U22 = 1D + 0.5L + 1E + 0.25S

U23 = 1D + 0.5L - 1E + 0.25S

For the CSA A23.3-94 code5:

U1 = 1.25D

U2 = 1.25D + 1.5L + 1.5S

U3 = 0.85D + 1.5L + 1.5S

U4 = 1.25D + 1.05L + 1.05W + 1.05S

U5 = 1.25D + 1.05L – 1.05W + 1.05S

U6 = 0.85D + 1.05L + 1.05W + 1.05S

U7 = 0.85D + 1.05L – 1.05W + 1.05S

U8 = 1.25D + 1.5W

U9 = 1.25D – 1.5W

U10 = 0.85D + 1.5W

U11 = 0.85D – 1.5W

U12 = 1D + 1E

U13 = 1D – 1E

U14 = 1D + 0.5L + 1E + 0.5S

U15 = 1D + 0.5L – 1E + 0.5S



1. ACI 318-19, 5.3; ACI 318-14, 5.3; ACI 318-11, 9.2; ACI 318-08, 9.2; ACI 318-05, 9.2; ACI 318-02, 9.2; (Assuming W based on service-level wind load and E based on ultimate-level forces)

2. ACI 318-19, 5.3; ACI 318-14, 5.3; ACI 318-11, 9.2; ACI 318-08, 9.2; ACI 318-05, 9.2; ACI 318-02, 9.2; (Assuming W based on service-level wind load and E based on ultimate-level forces)

3. CSA A23.3-14/19 Annex C, Table C1; NBCC 2010 [10], Table 4.1.3.2A

4. CSA A23.3-04, 8.3.2; CSA A23.3-04, Annex C, Table C1; NBCC 2005 [10], Table 4.1.3.2

5. CSA A23.3-94, 8.3.2 (conservatively assuming storage and assembly occupancies)